CyberGuard dictionary / Core Cybersecurity
Confidentiality
Protection against unauthorized disclosure of information.
In simple terms
Only people who need a piece of information should be able to see it.
Technical explanation
Confidentiality is one objective of the CIA triad and is supported by access control, encryption, and appropriate handling of data.
Access should follow a legitimate need, with authentication, least privilege, and encryption protecting data at rest and in transit. Confidentiality is lost when information reaches an unauthorized person even if the record itself remains accurate.
Examples in practice
Payroll records are restricted to authorized payroll staff.
If a payroll spreadsheet is accidentally shared with the entire company, the figures may be unchanged but confidentiality has failed. The team removes access, determines who viewed it, and adjusts sharing permissions.
Why it matters
Disclosure of private information can harm customers and the organization.
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Sources and further reading
Published 2026-10-15 · Last updated 2026-10-15 · CyberGuard editorial content. Source links provide context; they do not imply endorsement.